{"id":4837,"date":"2024-11-08T14:12:57","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T18:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/?p=4837"},"modified":"2024-11-08T14:12:57","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T18:12:57","slug":"light-pollution-a-nuisance-for-plants-and-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/light-pollution-a-nuisance-for-plants-and-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"LIGHT POLLUTION: A NUISANCE FOR PLANTS AND ANIMALS"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Mont-Bellevue in Sherbrooke<\/a>, the Haut Saint Fran\u00e7ois and the Granit MRCs around Mont-M\u00e9gantic<\/a>, have initiatives to bring back the starry sky. The main objective is to enable people to admire the stars. Those human initiatives also have an impact on the species living in the area, both plants and animals and other solutions are available.<\/p>\n

The alternating presence\/absence of light acts like a clock on the biological activities of the livings. Have you ever stayed awake in front of a screen or reading with the light on for most of the night? Next day you feel the effects, but imagine if it happened every day! It’s a bit like what happens to plants and animals with light pollution. According to the MELCCFP [1]<\/a> , light pollution is defined as \u201cthe light that is projected into the sky by the lighting of roads, businesses, houses, farms and historical monuments, making it difficult or even impossible to observe the stars and the Milky Way” (traduction from French). Thus, there is persistent unnatural light at night that \u201cpollutes\u201d the living environment of many species. This modulates gene expression, hormone levels, activity duration, behaviors and other aspects of life [2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Picture Alex Fu<\/p><\/div>\n

Impact on plants<\/strong><\/p>\n

Light pollution can cause early leaf loss or delay autumn leaf fall [3]<\/a>. The presence of artificial light all year long in the dark can also lengthen the growing season [3]<\/a>. Plants may also alter their phenology – the timing and duration of each life stage, such as flowering – as a result of this unnatural modulation of the light period [2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Picture Audrey Th\u00e9riault<\/p><\/div>\n

Impacts on animals<\/strong><\/p>\n

Light pollution can disrupt the reproductive effort and limit the number of births, like for the turtles species [2]<\/a>[3]<\/a>[4]<\/a><\/a> The presence of light sources on the opposite side of the sea also complicates the entry of young turtles in water, as they head for land rather than water. In flies and other insects, light from street lamps or other outdoor bulbs can exhaust, burn or kill them, as they are inevitably attracted to it [5]<\/a>. Artificial light can also increase predation or shift the hunting time of predators. For example, insects flying around street lamps are more visible and more numerous, a luck for insectivorous birds and bats, who have no effort to find a meal that way. It can even lead some insectivorous species to choose a poorer quality territory to settle, because light attracts prey or makes it more visible [6]<\/a>. It can even change the times at which they feed.<\/p>\n

This light can also disrupt the migration of birds and fishes. They get tired by moving in the wrong direction, reducing the energy available for vital activities such as foraging. In one study, diurnals (day-living) birds experienced an increase in the time of activity and a decrease in sleep time in the presence of artificial light. On the contrary, in rodents, both diurnals and nocturnals, there is a decrease in activity time in the presence of light pollution. [2]<\/a>[3]<\/a><\/a> In amphibians, artificial light can impose additional stress. Because these organisms use sunlight to warm their skin, too much light can dry out their skin [7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Picture Nuref\u015fan Ko\u015far<\/p><\/div>\n

Light pollution impacts several species, but it can also have several impacts on the same species, or groups of species. Butterflies, for example, are attracted by light, which distracts them from their normal activities. They therefore spend long periods twirling in front of a lightbulb, as if hypnotized, without ever detaching themselves from it. This makes them more vulnerable to predation [8]<\/a>[9]<\/a>. Light will also alter their perception of flowers, and could lead butterflies to forage on less nutritious flowers. Light will also change the appearance of butterflies and the rest of the environment, which may mislead them into trying to reproduce with an object they believe to be a butterfly [8]<\/a>[10]<\/a><\/a>! Light also artificially lengthens the day, which can mislead butterflies into initiating certain activities at the wrong time, such as migration [8]<\/a>[11]<\/a> <\/a>. Artificial light can also lengthen butterflies’ foraging period, allowing them to feed for longer periods [8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Solutions<\/p>\n

There are several ways to reduce light pollution. Individually, we can turn off our outdoor lights, choose lamps that constrain light to a smaller radius, choose bulbs with less intense brightness or wavelengths that are less disturbing for wildlife, or buy bulbs that only light when movement is detected. In terms of land-use planning, we could revandicate to turn off lights on businesses and sports fields at night, or propose the creation of a \u00ab Dark Sky Reserve \u00bb, as Mont-M\u00e9gantic has done. Visit the Ciel \u00c9toil\u00e9 Mont M\u00e9gantic<\/a> website for details of available solutions, including bulb type, intensity, colors and optimal temperature.<\/p>\n

Light in the evening is essential for road safety and offers many benefits for people who work or travel at night. However, we must be aware that we share our environment with many species, and that their well-being is just as important as our own.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Picture Maur\u00edcio Mascaro<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Environnement, Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Faune et Parcs (ELCCFP). (2024). La pollution lumineuse? \u00c9claire ta lanterne!<\/em>. Gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec. www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca\/jeunesse\/chronique\/2005\/0503-causes.http<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Sanders, D. et al. (2020). A meta-analysis of biological impacts of artificial light at night<\/em>.Nat Ecol Evol<\/i> 5<\/b>, 74\u201381. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-020-01322-x<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> H\u00f6lker, F. et al. (2010). Light pollution as a biodiversity threat<\/em>. A Cell Press journal. Volume 25, <\/span>P681-682. 10.1016\/j.tree.2010.09.007<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>[4]<\/a>\u00a0Dominoni, D. M. et al. (2015). Social cues are unlikely to be the single cause for early<\/em><\/p>\n

reproduction in urban European blackbirds (Turdus merula)<\/em>. Physiology & Behavior<\/i> 142<\/b> : 14-19. DOI: <\/span>10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.01.026<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Russ, A. et al. (2015). Seize the night: European Blackbirds (Turdus merula) extend their foraging activity under artificial illumination. Journal of Ornithology<\/em> 156<\/b> : 123-131. DOI: 10.1007\/s10336-014-1105-1<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> McDonnell, M. et al. (2009). Ecology of Cities and Towns<\/em>. Cambridge University Press,<\/p>\n

Cambridge.10.1017\/CBO9780511609763<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Gorenzel, W. P., et T. P. Salmon. (1995). Characteristics of American crow urban roosts in California.<\/em> The Journal of Wildlife Management 59 <\/b>: 638-645. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3801939<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Seymoure B. M. (2018). Enlightening Butterfly Conservation Efforts: The Importance of Natural Lighting for Butterfly Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. <\/em>Insects 2018, 9, 22; doi:10.3390\/insects9010022<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Beshkov, S. (1995).\u00a0Butterflies and day-flying moths in light traps (Lepidoptera)<\/em>. Phegea, 3, 118\u2013120. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/312027602_Butterflies_and_day_flying_moths_at_light_traps_Lepidoptera<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Kinoshita, M. et al. (1999). Colour vision of the foraging swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus<\/em>. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202, 95\u2013102. DOI: <\/span>10.1242\/jeb.202.2.95<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Asch. V. (2007). Phenology of Forest Caterpillars and Their Host Trees: The Importance of <\/em>Synchrony<\/em>. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2007, 52, 37\u201355. \u00a010.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091418<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Mont-Bellevue in Sherbrooke, the Haut Saint Fran\u00e7ois and the Granit MRCs around Mont-M\u00e9gantic, have initiatives to bring back the starry sky. The main objective is to enable people to admire the stars. Those human initiatives also have an impact […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4818,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,20,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-frontpage","category-leisure","category-topicality"],"yoast_head":"\nLIGHT POLLUTION: A NUISANCE FOR PLANTS AND ANIMALS - T2 Environnement<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/light-pollution-a-nuisance-for-plants-and-animals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LIGHT POLLUTION: A NUISANCE FOR PLANTS AND ANIMALS - T2 Environnement\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Mont-Bellevue in Sherbrooke, the Haut Saint Fran\u00e7ois and the Granit MRCs around Mont-M\u00e9gantic, have initiatives to bring back the starry sky. 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Iel a travaill\u00e9 comme assistant.e de recherche sur un projet de ph\u00e9nologie pour Mark Vellend, ainsi que deux projets de ma\u00eetrise en \u00e9cologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et interaction avec les insectes. Iel a eu la piqure, comme on dit ! Ayant cumul\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es d\u2019enseignement ; tutorat scolaire en sciences, enseignement de la danse et autres enseignements sportifs et culturels, iel utilise aujourd\u2019hui ses connaissances en vulgarisation scientifique. Effectivement, iel souhaite pousser sa carri\u00e8re de biologie en partageant la science au grand public. C\u2019est dans cette perspective qu\u2019iel travaille \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction de nos articles de blogue, depuis janvier 2023.","url":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/author\/audrey\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4837"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4845,"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4837\/revisions\/4845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t2environnement.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}